Art of producing multilateral stretchability in paper webs or the like



July 16, 1935. w. c. KEMP 2,008,182

ART OF PRODUCING MULTILATERAL STRETCHABILITY IN PAPER WEBS OR THE LIKEOriginal Filed July 29, 1932 4 Sheets-Sheet 1 INVENTOR,

" I /W BYWY ATTORNEYS.

. July 16, 1935. w, c, KEMP ART OF PRODUCING MULTILATERALSTRETCI-IABILITY IN PAPER WEBS .OR THE LIKE 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 OriginalFiled July 29, 1932 k) FIIFJIYENTOR, 1% 9' all,

ATTORNEYs,

July 16, 1935. w. c. KEMP 2,008,182

ART OF PRODUCING MULTILATERAL STRETCHABILITY IN PAPER WEBS OR THE LIKEOriginal Filed July 29, 1932 4 Sheets-Sheet 3 id lflilllllllllllllll H 14 v ATTORNEYS.

July 16, 1935. w. c. KEMP 2,003,182

ART OF PRODUCING MULTILATERAL STRETCHABI LITY IN PAPER WEBS OR THE LIKEOriginal Filed July 29, 1932 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 .nulll ATTORNEYS.

Patented July 16, 1935 UNITED STATES- ART OF PRODUCING MULTILATERALSTRETCHABILITY 1N PAPER WEBS OR THE LIKE William C. Kemp, Cincinnati,Ohio, assignor to The Paper Service Company, Lockland, Ohio,

a corporation of Ohio Original application July 29, 1932, Serial No..626,059. Divided and this application April 12, 1984, Serial No. 720,256

13 Claims.

5 plication for Letters Patent'Ser. No. 558,884, filed August 24, 1931,and entitled a multi-laterally stretchable creped paper product. Thesaid application Serial No. 558,884, relates to the product formed. bythe process and mechanism set forth in the present application.

In the ordinary art of .creping a paper web, or the like, the web iscaused to contact and adhere to a device presenting a moving crepingsurface, and is removed therefrom by a doctor, the action of which is toproduce crinkles in the web. Such creping processes have been continuousin that a web of indefinite length may be run through The creping themachine without stoppage. crinkles have been made in the sheet normal,i.e. perpendicular to its line of motion and its major axis. The sheet istherefore contracted longitudinally by an amount equal to thestretchability formed therein, and is consequently stretchablelongitudinally. It is not stretchable widthwise, i. e. in the directionof the crinkles, and the truss-like action of the crinkles increases thetransverse stiffness of the web.

Creped paper as thus formed is not universally stretchable, and while ithas been proposed to give it widthwise stretchability by corrugations,or the like formed therein, and while a creped and corrugated web isuseful for a number of purposes, it does not have certain highlyvaluable characteristics of my improved product, as set forth in mycopending application referred to.

It is a fundamental object of my present invention to provide meanswhereby, in a creping operation which may and preferably will becontinuous, a web may be formed having universal stretchability.

The present case, being directed to the process and machine, relates tothe aspect of producing in a web sets of crinkles which arenon-coincident directionally, whereby the web is given normal directionsof stretchability perpendicular to each set of crinkles, in a pluralityof different directions. Another object of my invention is the provisionof a machine and method for producing in a web at least one set ofcreping crinkles not perpendicular to the axis of said web, and/or tothe directionof its motion, whereby a degree of transverse as Well aslengthwise stretchability is imparted thereto. Still another object ofmy invention. is to provide means and a method for imparting to a webcrossing sets of creping crinkles, or the like, which sets, having whatmay be termed normal directions of stretchability disposed diagonally toeach other, give in the preferred aspect 'of my product a web which isstretchable in all directions, and may easily be 5 made equallystretchable in all directions. A general object of my invention maytherefore be stated as the provision of a means and method for producingdiagonal crepes in a web, and somewhat more specifically, crossing setsof diagonal l creping crinkles. The Word diagonal should be understood,as related to the axis of the web, as implying an angularity other thancoincident with or at 90 to said axis; but should not be understood aslimited to any specific angularity l within the limits recited.

These and other objects of my invention which will be set forthhereinafter or will be apparent to those skilled in the art upon readingthese specifications, I accomplish by that series of process steps andin that certain construction and arrangement of parts of which I shallnow describe certain exemplary embodiments, reference being had to theaccompanying drawings, wherein Figure 1 is a semi-diagrammatic plan viewof a mechanism for the production of double-diagonal creped products andjoining them to a backing substance.

Fig. 2is a side elevation of this apparatus.

Fig. 3 is a. diagram illustrating the nature of the contraction indiagonally creped fabrics.

Fig. 4 is a plan view of a device employing creping surfaces having aplanar movement at the creping point.

Fig. 5 is a side elevation of this apparatus.

Fig. 6 is a side elevation, and

Fig. 7 is an end elevation ofa roll equipped with a straight diagonalknife.

Fig. 8 is an end elevation of the supporting mechanism for a band knifetype machine.

Fig. 9 is a diagrammatic representation of a band knife machine.

Fig. 10 is an end elevation thereof.

Fig. 11 illpstrates the manner in which the knife is ground.

Fig. 12 is a sectional view taken along the lines l2, l2 of Fig. 13showing the action of the knife and the supports therefor.

Fig. 13 is a plan view of the knife supporting structure of Fig. 8.

Briefly, in the practice of my invention, I pro-'- vide a crepingsurface and a doctor knife, which are movable relative to each other.The web is bound to the surface ,in any way desired, and

is removed therefrom by the doctor whereby the which the web is causedto cling to the surface is not a limitation upon my invention, and I mayadopt any of the several known creping processes, including, but withoutlimitation, the water creping process and the process of the RoweReissue Patent No. 17,633. Indeed, under some circumstances I may employmeans for producing crinkles in a sheet which do not include theordinary surface and doctor arrangement; and by creping, where nototherwise specified, I desire to be understood as meaning any process ofcreping or crowding a sheet to form crinkles therein; and by the wordscrepes or crinkles I desire to be. understood as meaning any relativelysmall and.

closely spaced type of rugos'ities designed to impart stretchability tothe sheet, distinguishing these only from relatively large corrugationsor embossed protuberances.

It is a characteristic of my process and apparatus, however, that theinstrumentalities which contact, and form crepes or crinkles in the web,do so at an angle other than a right angle to the direction of travel ofthe web as it is fed to such instrumentalities. Since ordinarily webs ofindefinite length will be treated in a continuous manner, this meansalso that the agencies aforesaid will act upon the sheet in a directionother than normal to its major axis.

In these embodiments of my invention where a creping surface and adoctor knife are employed, and the paper is caused to cling to thecreping surface, the doctor will be set at an angle other than at aright angle to the direction of travel of said surface.

I shall describe my invention in connection with three modificationswhich seem to meof the greatest commercial importance, all of which arerelated to the general statement of the invention made hereinabove. Inone of these modifications a creping surface is employed which,

- during the action of the doctor knife, moves essentially in a flatplane. In another modification a cylinder is employed, and a straightknife not parallel to the axis of the cylinder is caused to contact thecylindrical surface, being hollowed out for the purpose. In stillanother modification a cylinder providesthe creping surface, and a knifein the form of a flexible band of steel or other suitable metal iscaused to conform to the surface of said cylinder. As ,it crosses saidsurface diagonally, this knife will have a helical contour.

I have illustrated in Figs. 4 and 5 a modification of my invention inwhich a first creping surface is in the form of a band or belt of steel,

or the like, I, which passes around interspaced supporting drums 2 and3. Intermediate these drums theba-nd is supported by a table 4, or thelike, to which steam or other 'fluid connection may be made for thepurposes of temperature control and/or lubricant connection betweensupport and belt for reduction of friction. Instead of the table 4 othersupporting devices may be .employed, such as traveling conveyors, rolls,or

discs arranged in echelon formation. It is merely essential that theband be supported over a considerable area by means satisfactorilystrong and interposing as little. frictional resistance to the movementof the belt as possible.

A web of paper, or the like, 5, may be drawn from a roll 6 and pressedinto contact with the upper surface of the belt I by means of a pressure'or back-up roll I. For purposes of illustration the sheet may be boundto the surface by a film 2,008,182 crinkles are formed therein. Themanner in of thermoplastic substance, such for example as bitumen, andthis may be applied by means of rollers 8 from a pan or reservoir 9, tothe belt itself. A diagonal doctor I!) removes the web 5 from thecreping surface, as shown, and produces therein diagonal lines of crepel l as shown in Fig. 4. The paper in this instance might be led up overthe knife III by means of a bar, or disclike rollers arranged inechelon, and the paper carried on to the second creping device more orless with its original direction of travel. This, while possible, is notparticularly convenient; and we prefer to remove the paper as shown inFigure 4 by carrying it in upside down position away from the knife andat an angle to its original path of travel. The web 5a now has diagonallines of creping therein and will have been contracted both lengthwiseand widthwise as shown, depending upon the amount of stretchabilityplaced therein. Where a second or crossing set of diagonal crinkles isdesired in the web it may be led to a'second creping surface formed by abelt I3 passing over interspaced rolls I4 and I5,

shown as set at such an angle as to form therein a. set of crinkles l9,oppositely disposed to the crinkles formed by the first doctor Ill. Theweb may again by the use of bars or echelon rolls,

be led on in the same direction; but I have shown it removed from thesecond doctor in the same way in which it was removed from the first.

In some respects that is one of the simplest forms of my device for thereason that the creping surface is planar, and a straight knife ill orl8 coacts therewith without having a special shape or configuration,such as is necessary when diagonal creping is to be accomplished uponthe cylindrical surface of creping rolls. It will be understood thatsince both creping operations put diagonal crinkles into the web, eachis accompanied by a theoretical longitudinal and widthwise contractionof the web. However, in ordinary practice there is a tendency in thesecond creping operation for the knife to remove some of that the amountof widthwise contraction resulting from the second creping step is lessthan would otherwise be expected. This can be compensated for, ofcourse, by putting into the web in the first creping the desired amountof stretch, plus sufficient to compensate for the removalof stretchwhich takes place to some extent in the second creping operation. Theresidual stretchability of the sheet may be controlled in known ways;and obviously the second creping surface will move at a speed slowerthan the first by the amount of lengthwise contraction which it isdesired to leave in the web after the first operation.

Moreover, with the straight creping surfaces moving in a planar path, itis much easier to lead the sheet over the knife and on substantially inthe direction .of its original travel, if this is desired, since thereis no tendency to warp the sheet, as there iswhen it leaves a diagonalknife on a cylindrical or curved surface. Yet for operating reasons, Iordinarily prefer to employ creping cylinders'and diagonally disposedknives contacting the same. I have usedwith success two types of knivesor doctors contacting cylindrical creping rolls; but there are someproblems connected with the use of diagonal knives on creping cylinderswhich require explanation at this point. If a line be drawn upon thesurface of a cylinder at a constant angularity to the axis thereof, thisline will follow a helical path. A projection thereof into a plane wouldgive a sinusoidal curve. On the'other hand, if a cylinder were cutthrough at an angle to its axis other than'a right angle, the line ofcut, if projected into a plane, would be a straight line. If the surfaceof the cylinder were unrolled, however, the line of cut thereon would bea sinusoidal curve. Thus it appears that a straight knife hollowed outto contact the periphery of a cylinder will not give absolutelyrectilinear crepes. While it would be possible to employ a sinusoidalknife, and while this may be done without departing from the spirit ofmy invention, yet a sinusoidal knife is difiicult to make,

to grind to shape, and to This dimculty is increased when it isremembered that the character of creping is modified and controlled bythe-V of the knife, so-called, which is the angle of the leading edge ofthe knife to a line drawn tangent to the cylinder at the meeting point.While a straight knife will tend to give sinusoidal lines of crepe, yetthis tendency is not great enough to be of particular detriment wherethe width of the cylinder, or that portion of it which is contacted bythe paper, is kept small in relation to the diameter of the cylinder.If'this is done; straight run diagonal knives may be used to producelines of creping which are to all intents and purposes rectilinear.

I have indicated diagrammatically in Fig. 6 a cylinder 2|, to whicha webof paper 22 has been caused to adhere, and which moves with the cylinderin the direction indicated by the arrow. 23 is a straight, rigid knifehollow-ground to conform to the surface of the cylinder and disposeddiagonally as shown, to the cylinder axis. This knife, as somewhat moreclearlyshown in Fig. 7, is a straight plate'of metal disposed in a planeat an angle to the axis of the cylinder. The knife may extend straightaway from the surface of the cylinder in the form shown, or the plane ofthe knife may be included with respect to the cylinder, as. in theordinary creping operation. In either case a complicated grindingproblem is presented, since under such circumstances the hollowed edgeof the knife requires a varying curvature, in order to produce aconstant angularity of creping V. For these reasons, I prefer'to useas acreping knife, a tensioned band as will hereinafter be described.Nevertheless, I have successfully manufactured double diagonal crepepapers with creping cylinders and straight, rigid knives of the formshown in Figs. 6 and 7. I

It will'beseen that a knife of this character must of necessity extendaway from the surface of the cylinder a considerable distance, and

that it must be supported by satisfactorily rigid supporting devices.This makes it impossible to lead the paper on immediately in thedirection of its former travel, but makes it necessary at least to carryit" away froiii the surface of the cylinder a sufficient distance toclear the knife and its supporting arrangements if it'is to be carriedon in the same direction at all. It will be understood that the surface,of the cylinder 2| is curved, and to separate the paper from it along aline coincident with the knife 23 would the line of departure being'distinctly curved. While this may be done,

most advantageous way to remove the paper from the cylinder 2| is backupon itself at an angle to its original path of travel, and upside downwith respect to its former position, after which, of course, the path oftravel may be additionally changed if desired. The sheet is shownleaving the cylinder 2| at Main a direction substantially at rightangles to its'original path of travel. The sheet portion 22a can thuscome off the cylinder in a transversely arcuate or curved form, -whichdoes not require differential stretching, and the sheet may beflattened. out by suitable bars, rolls, or the like, away from thesurface of the cylinder without undue stretching.

The angularity of movement of the sheet portion 22a with respect to theportion 22 will be determined by a number of different factors, amongwhich of most importance is the relationship between the angularity ofthe knife 23, with respect to the path of travel of the sheet portion22, and the amount of stretch produced in the web.

These are important considerations and will now receive furtherexplanation because, as will be apparent, the angularity with which thesheet portion 22a leaves the cylinder 2| ,more or less in the directionof the axis of the cylinder, will influence the position of the secondcreping device to receive it most advantageously. Referring now to thediagram of Fig. 3, I have shown a sheet portion 22 moving in thedirection of the arrow. For purposes of illustration I take arectilinear portion of the sheet bounded by the lines a, b, c, d. Thediagonal of this square D,

B may be thought of as a diagonal creping knife arranged at an angle of45. The sheet may be thought of first as passing on over the knife withits original direction of motion. If no stretch were put into the sheetby the knife, the portion a, b, c, 11 would be a square, the lower righthand corner of the sheet reaching the point C. However, by the amount ofstretch put into the sheet the point C will tend to approach the knifeD, B. Assuming that an arbitrary amount of stretch brings the corner ofthe sheet from C to E, the contracted or creped portion of the sheetwill now be represented by the triangle D, B. E. This is what wouldhappen ifthe sheet were led on .over the knife. however, the sheet isturned back on itself and led off the creping surface at an angle to itsoriginal position, the creped portion will be represented by thetriangle D, B, E, which is a projection of the triangle D, B, E. It willbe obvious that the line B, E does not coincide with the line B, A, butthat the sheet will tend to come off in the direction of the arrow' B,F, and therefore not at a right angle to its original direction oftravel. It will be clear also that with a knife disposed at an angle of45, the

and while the paper may be carried over suitable bars or other supports.so a to change its direction and/or plane, the

sheet will not come oif the creping surface in a direction atright-angles to its original path of travel, unless the amount ofstretchability put into the sheet is substantially nothing. As thestretchability increases, so does the angle, F, B, A'increase. Moreover,the crinkles put into the sheet by the knife D, B will be parallelthereto in the sheet portion D, B, E; but since the line F, B does notcoincide with the line-A, B these crinkles will not be at an angle of 45to the edge of the creped sheet represented by the line F, B. Both ofthese factors may be corrected, it will be clear, by changing theangularity of the knife D, B, as well as controlling the stretchabilityof the sheet. With any given angularity of knife, both the angularity ofthe crinkles with respect to the edge of the sheet and the an gularityof the direction of travel'of the sheet as it leaves the knife may bevaried by varying the percentage of stretch left in the paper.

In ordinary practice the angularity of the crinkles with respect to theedge of the sheet is not of as great importance I believe, as thesecuring of a truly universally stretchable character in the sheet. If asheet is substantially equally stretchable in all directions, it is formost purposes entirely satisfactory, and the exact angilar relationshipof the crepes to the edgeof the sheet is'relatively less important.

It will now be apparent that the direction of travel of the sheet as itleaves the knife may be controlled by the amount of stretchability putinto the sheet by the saidknife, or if the stretchability is to bemaintained constant, the angularity of travel may be carried by changingthe angularity of the knife.

The angularity of the crinkles is important in this, that consideringbut one set of crinkles, there is a normal stretchability'perpendicularthereto, together with varying degrees of stretchability at an angle tothe normal, varying from maximum in the direction of normalstretchability to substantially zero at right angles thereto. But withcrossing sets of creping crinkles, it will be clear that thestretchability transversely or lengthwise of the web will be theresultant of stretchability realized from both sets of crinkles.

The resultant stretchability may also be variedby varying the relativespeeds of the two creping operations as determined by the speed oftravel of the web as it reaches the creping knives. For convenience inoperation, particularly with creping cylinders, I prefer to take the webaway from the knife at right angles, or at least at :a fixed angularityfor which my machine may be constructed. The proper angularity of theknife or knives may easily be determined in relation to a proposedamount of stretchability. Given such a set up of the apparatus it iscomparatively easy, by varying the other factors, to produce a finishedweb having either substantially equal or divergent amounts of lateraland longitudinal stretchability.

In practice I have employed for both creping operations knives set at anangle of less than 45, putting into the sheet a stretchability normal tothe lines of crinkles suflicient to bring the line of departure of .thesheet from the roll to an angle of substantially to the original path oftravel, and by control of machine speeds I have put into the sheet, asaforesaid, both laterally and longitudinally, a substantially equalamount of stretch, although the angularity of the crinkles is other than45, to the edges of the sheet. These factors may be varied, ashereinabove indicated, and my in more stretch in'the first operationthan in the second. All of these factors can be varied for any givenoperation to produce the result desired.

Reverting to the mechanism comprising a knife and a roll, I have foundit possible to employ a knife of. flexible metallic material which iscaused to contact a roll by being wrapped thereabout, as it were in ahelical fashion. In the diagrammatic illustrations in Figs. 9 and '10, Ihave shown a roll 24, to which the web of paper 22 is caused to adhereafter being pressed thereagainst by the back-up roll 25. 26 is a knifein the form of a band of steel tensioned as at 21 and 28. A perfectlystraight knife which is wrapped about a roll in this fashion will, inprojection, follow a sinusoidal curve, but as respects the periphery ofthe cylinder, it will follow a helix at a constant angle to the axis ofthe cylinder. Moreover, if the leading edge of the knife is ground to aconstant angularity, a constant creping V will be pro duced. A knifemerely wrappediabout the surface of a cylinder, however, gives rise toconsiderable friction. Moreover, it will tend to be displacedby thecreping strains which in Fig. 9 are in the direction of the arrows.

Consequently it is advisable to support the knife from the rear,

crinkles, would tend to make somewhat arcuate crinkles. This may becompensated for, however, by using a curved knife and I have illustratedin Fig. 11 the knife 26 formed by grinding or cutting from a wider barof metal 26a. A curved knife of the type shown in Fig. 11 may betiltedforward and still follow a truly helical path on the cylindersurface.

The essentials of a mechanism, of this type are, of course, a crepingcylinder and attendant mechanism, a spiral or band type knife, means fortensioning the knife at its ends, and means for supporting the knifefrom the rear and tilting it forwardly, to which I have also found itdesirable to add means for holding the leading edge of the knife downagainst the cylinder in a positive manner.

This organization is shown in plan in Fig. 13, where the crepingcylinder 24, mounted in the usual frame, not shown, has above asupporting mechanism indicated generally at 29. This supportingmechanism comprises an angle bar 30 adapted to another angle bar 3|, thewhole being supported at its ends 32 and 33 on transverse rails 34 and35 across the creping machine.

. Reference toFig. 8 will show that the main angle member 3| may haveattached to one of its legs a curved plate 36, and will also show thatthe angle member 30 may have sidewise angularity disposed complementaryangle members 30a and 301). These last mentioned members'are attached toplate portions 31 and 38, mounted upon the angle member 3|. The reasonfor breaking the supports and the reason for the curved plate 36 willobviously be to cause the supporting structure to conform more or lessto the arc of the circumference of the cylinder followed by the knife.

Rearwardly extending supporting members 39 and vertically extendingholding members 40' are provided, which may be more clearly seen in Fig.The pporting members 39 are threaded rods held by the angle members 3|,or the plate 36 attached thereto. They are-provided with threadedsockets 40a and adjustment nuts 4|.

The rods 39 are held in bifurcated saddles 42 on the knife 26, and theiraction in pushing the knife forward and stood.

The particular supporting members 40 are threaded rods contacting theknife near its forward edge, and heldto the angle member 30 by nuts 43.

An exemplary machine embodying the organization just described is shownin plan and elevation in Figures 1 and 2. Here the web 45 is taken froma roll or source of supply 44 and is led between coating rollers 46, thelower of which turns in a pan 4'! of asphalt or other thermoplasticadhesive. In this way the web 45 is coated' upon one side with theadhesive, after which it may be carried around a cooling or temperingdrum 48 and conducted to the creping cylinder 49 to which it is pressedbyapressure roll 50. It is creped from this drum by means of the knife5|, leaving the drum coated side up in a direction preferably at 90 toits original path of travel as shown at 45a. After passing over astraightening and/r pressing roller 52, it is carried around a secondcreping drum 53 so as in tilting it will be readily underto be boundthereagainst by the thermoplastic adhesive upon the surface of the web.Next the web is removed from cylinder 53 by a. diagonally disposed knife54 putting into it a second set of crinkles at anangle to the first;The" web comes off this cylinder as shown at 45b, preferably at rightangles to its path of travel before it reaches the knife 54. Again itscoated side will be uppermost. Where it is desiredto back the web as bythe addition thereto of burlap, such a fabric from a roll 55 may be ledand pressed against the adhesive coated surface of the web by rolls 56.The backed product is indicated at 450.

The particular creping operation employed by me, by which Imean thenature of the actual,

crinkle forming step 'as distinguished from the manner of formingcrinkles disposed in accordance with my invention, is not a limitationupon my invention. I may employ a water creping process in whole or inpart or an asphalt creping process or any other process whereby crinklesare put into the sheet by creping or crowding, or 'I may employ one typeof creping in one of my stages and another type in another stage. Wherecreping is accomplished by the positive action of a thermoplasticadhesive, the second creping step may be carried on with or without theaddition of more of the adhesive substance. In any event, the secondcreping operation has been found to contribute to-the imperviouscharacter of the web. In the practice of my invention, I may employ oneor more creping steps, as may be desired. One creping step producingdiagonal crinkles will give both lateral and longitudinalstretchability. Substantially equal stretchability in all directions maybe obtained in my invention, as hereinabove pointed out, by two crepingoperations, each producing diagonal crinkles. Special effects maybeobtained by. combining an ordinary crinkling step with a diagonalcrinkling step, or a plurality thereof; or I may employ a plurality ofdiagonal crinkling steps designed to produce crinkles having a pluralityof different directions, whether oppositely inclined to the major axisof the paper or not.

My invention is not restricted to any particular character of creping orcrowding operation, nor

is it restricted to operations upon any particular character of web. Inaddition to paper I may,

by way of example, but without limitation, crepe other materials, suchas leather, imitation leather, metal foil woven fabrics and compositefabrics of various classes.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new and desire tosecure by Letters Patent, is:

1. A process of producing a web stretchable in the direction of both itslateral and longitudinal axes, which comprises forming crossing sets ofcrinkles in said web by crowding said web back on itself, said crinkleslying in substantially straight lines, non-coincident with either axis.

2. A process of producing stretchability laterally and longitudinally ina web, which comprises producing in said web diagonal crinkles bycrowding said web back on itself, said crinkles lying in substantiallystraight lines.

3; A process of producing multi-lateral stretchability in a web whichcomprises producing in said web by crowding said web back on itself, aplurality of superposed and crossing sets of creping crinkles.

4. A process of producing multi-lateral stretchability in a web, whichcomprises forming in said web a plurality of superposed sets of crossingcreping crinkles, two at least of said sets having opposite inclinationsto the longitudinal axis of v said web.

5. A process of producing multi-lateral stretchability in a web whichcomprises creping a web by crowding said web back on itself to formtherein a plurality of creping crinkles disposed at an angle to an axisof said web, and thereafter re-creping. said web by crowding said webback on itself to produce therein a plurality of creping crinklescrossing said first set and angularly disposed with reference thereto.

6. A process of, producing a multi-laterally stretchable web, whichcomprises causing said web to adhere. to a creping surface, moving aknife and said creping surface with said web relatively to each other,said knife presenting a linear creping edge to said web along a linehaving a nonrectangular relationship to the direction of said movement.A

'7 A process of creping a web, which comprises causing said web toadhere to a creping surface,

causing said surface and a creping knife to move relatively to eachother, said knife having a linear edge disposed at an angle to the pathof said movement, and bringing said paper away from said knife in aplane substantially parallel to but at an angle-to the direction of saidfirst mentioned movement.

8. A process of creping a web which comprises causing said web to adhereto a creping surface, I

moving said creping surface and said web with respect to a knife havinga linear edge angularly disposed to the direction of said movement, andcarrying the web away from said knife after con tact therewith atsubstantially a right angle to .said first mentioned path of movement.

9. A process of creping a web which comprises causing said web to adhereto a creping surface,

,moving said creping surface and said web with respect to a knifeangularly disposed to the direction of said movement, and carryingtheweb away from said knife after'contact therewith at substantially aright angle to said first mentioned path of movement, causing said webto adhere to another creping surface and moving said surface and anothercreping knife relatively to each other,

said knife being disposed at an angle to said last mentioned directionof movement, and removing ment and substantially parallel with saidfirst mentioned direction of movement, but opposite:

- thereto.

10. A process of producing multilateral stretchability in a web, whichcomprises forming in said web, by crowding said web back on itselfcrossing sets of crinkles substantially at right angles to each other. 7V 11. A process of producing multilateral stretchability in a web, whichcomprises forming in said web crossing sets of crinkles, both of saidsets lying at other than a right angle to an axis of said web.

12. A process of producing a multi-laterally stretchable'web, whichcomprises causing a web to adhere to a creping surface, moving saidsurface and a creping knife relative to each other, carrying said webaway from contact with said knife at an angle to the direction of saidmovement, but in a substantially parallel plane, and so proportioningthe angular disposition of vsaid knife with respect to said firstmentioned movement and the amount of stretchability put into said web asto cause said second direction of movement to lie at substantially anangle of 90 degrees to said first mentioned direction of movement.

13. A process of producing a multi-laterally stretchable web, whichcomprises causing a web to adhere to a creping surface, moving saidsurface and a creping knife relatively to each other, carrying said webaway from contact with said knife at an angle to the direction of saidmovement, and so proportioning the angular disposition of said knifewith respect to said first mentioned movement and the amount ofstretchability put into said web as to cause said second direction ofmovement to lie at substantially an angle of 90 degrees to said firstmentioned direction of movement, causing said web to adhere to a secondcreping surface, moving said surface and a second creping kniferelatively to each other, and so proportioning the angularity of saidsecond knife to the path of movement of the web approaching it and theamount of stretch put into said web that said web leaves said secondcreping knife substantially at an angle of 90 degrees to its directionof motion in approaching said knife. 7

1 WILLIAM C. KEMP,

